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Section I Vocabulary （10 points ）
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1
1. In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the ______ concern of state governments.
|
A. extinct |
B. excluding |
C. excessive |
D. exclusive |
2. The vast majority of people in any given culture will ______ to the established standards of that culture.
|
A. comply |
B. conform |
C. confront |
D. confirm |
3. His argument does not suggest that mankind can ______ to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.
|
A. resort |
B. grant |
C. afford |
D. entitle |
4. The government has devoted a larger slice of its national ______ to agriculture than most other countries.
|
A. resources |
B. potential |
C. budget |
D. economy |
5. His body temperature has been ______ for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.
|
A. uncommon |
B. disordered |
C. abnormal |
D. extraordinary |
6. Although cats cannot see in complete darkness their eyes are much more ______ to light than are human eyes.
|
A. glowing |
B. brilliant sensible |
C. sensitive |
D. gloomy |
7. David likes country life and has decided to ______ farming.
|
A. get along with |
B. go back on |
C. get hold of |
D. go in for |
8. I think she hurt my feelings ______ rather than by accident as she claimed.
|
A. virtually |
B. deliberately |
C. literally |
D. appropriately |
9. Some people think that a ______ translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than a free translation.
|
A. literal |
B. literary |
C. liberal |
D. linear |
10. They are well ______ with each other since they once studied in the same university.
|
A. identified |
B. recognized |
C. acknowledged |
D. acquainted |
11. Although it was his first experience as chairman, he ______ over the meeting with great skill.
|
A. presided |
B. administered |
C. mastered |
D. executed |
12. Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and ______ by the same federal laws.
|
A. stand |
B. conform |
C. abide |
D. sustain |
13. The patient has been ______ of the safety of the operation.
|
A. assured |
B. guaranteed |
C. entrusted |
D. confirmed |
14. The politician says he will ______ the welfare of the people.
|
A. prey on |
B. take on |
C. get at |
D. see to |
15. Fewer and fewer of today’s workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, ______ the same company.
|
A. all else |
B. much worse |
C. less likely |
D. let alone |
16. A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should ______ new operating procedures.
|
A. result in |
B. match with |
C. subject to |
D. proceed with |
17. If you want to go to the concert, you'll have to make a(n) ______, or there will be no tickets.
A. conservation B. preservation C. reservation D. observation
18. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which ______ increase the risk of heart disease.
|
A. in turn |
B. in return |
C. by chance |
D. by turns |
19. I like to go to the cinema when I am in the ______ for it.
|
A. motive |
B. mind |
C. mood |
D. notion |
20. Circus tiger, although they have been tamed, can ______ attack their trainer.
|
A. unexpectedly |
B. deliberately |
C. reluctantly |
D. subsequently |
Section II Cloze ( 10 points )
Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1.
A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply – all these were important
The men who 26 the machines of the Industrial Revolution 27 from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were 28 inventors than scientists. A man who is a 29 scientist is primarily interested in doing his research
30 . He is not necessarily working 31 that his findings can be used.
An inventor or one interested in applied science is 32 trying to make something that has a concrete 33 . He may try to solve a problem by using the theories 34 science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a 35 result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of 36 other objectives.
Most of the people who 37 the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had 38 or no training in science might not have made their inventions
22. A. But B. And C. Besides D. Even
23. A. else B. near C. extra D. similar
24. A. generating B. effective C. motivating D. creative
25. A. origins B. sources C. bases D. discoveries
26. A. employed B. created C. operated D. controlled
27. A. came B. arrived C. stemmed D. appeared
28. A. less B. better C. more D. worse
29. A. genuine B. practical C. pure D. clever
30. A. happily B. occasionally C. reluctantly D. accurately
32. A. seldom B. sometimes C. usually D. never
33. A. plan B. use C. idea D. means
34. A. of B. with C. to D. as
35. A. single B. sole C. specialized D. specific
36. A. few B. those C. many D. all
37. A. proposed B. developed C. supplied D. offered
38. A. little B. much C. some D. any
39. A. as B. if C. because D. while
40. A. ago B. past C. ahead D. before
Section III Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )
Directions: Read the following passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing
A. B. C. or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.
Passage One
New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It's now a "global village" where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.
Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.
Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being "out of sight and out of mind. ' He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company's plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的).
Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.
English is still the international language of business. But there 'is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn't generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.
The employee posted abroad who speaks the country's principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.
(322 words)
41. What is the author's attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?
A. Critical. B. Prejudiced. C. Indifferent. D. Positive.
42. With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople _______.
A. have to get familiar with modern technology
B. are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations
C. are attaching more importance to their overseas business
D. are eager to work overseas
43. In this passage, "out of sight and out of mind" ( Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means _______.
A. being unable to think properly for lack of insight
B. being totally out of touch with business at home
C. missing opportunities for promotion when abroad
D. leaving all care and worry behind
44. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?
A. Connections with businesses overseas.
A) Ability to speak the client's language.
B) Technical know-how.
D. Business experience.
45. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can _______.
A. better control the whole negotiation process
B. easily find new approaches to meet market needs
C. fast-forward their proposals to headquarters
D. easily make friends with businesspeople abroad
Passage Two
"I've never met a human worth cloning, ” says cloning expert Mark Westhsin from his lab at Texas A&M University.” It's a stupid endeavor.” That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two cows and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy this spring—or perhaps not for another 5 years. It seems the reproductive system of man's best friend is one of the mysteries of modem science.
Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him upset by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missy project, using hundreds upon hundreds of dog's eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos (胚胎) carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate (代孕的) mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses (胎) may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not the humans. ” Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous, ” he says.
Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of duplicating their cats and dogs, cattle and horses.” A lot of people want to clone pets, especially if the price is right, ” says Westhusin. Cost is no obstacle for Missy's mysterious billionaire owner; he's put up $3. 7 million so far to fund A & M's research.
Contrary to some media reports, Missy is not dead. The owner wants a twin to carry on Missy's fine qualities after she does die. The prototype is, by all accounts, athletic, good-natured and supersmart. Missy's master does not expect an exact copy of her. He knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy's owner and the A&M team say they are” both looking forward to studying the ways that her clones differ from Missy. ”
Besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute insight into the old question of nature vs. nurture. It could also lead to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals.
However, Westhusin is cautious about his work. He knows that even if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. ” Why would you ever want to clone humans, ” Westhusin asks, “when we're hot even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?” (461 words)
46. By “stupid endeavor” (Line 2, Para. 1), Westhusin means to say that ______.
A. animal cloning is not worth the effort at all B. animal cloning is absolutely impractical
C. human cloning should be done selectively . D. human cloning is a foolish undertaking
47. What does the first paragraph tell us about Westhusin's dog cloning project?
A. Its success is already in sight. B. Its outcome remains uncertain.
C. It is doomed to utter failure. D. It is progressing smoothly.
48. By cloning Missy, Mark Westhusin hopes to ______.
A. study the possibility of cloning humans
B. search for ways to modify its temperament
C. examine the reproductive system of the dog species
D. find out the differences between Missy and its clones
49. We learn from the passage that animal clones are likely to have ______.
A. a bad temper B. immune deficiency
C. defective organs D. an abnormal shape
50. It can be seen that present cloning techniques ______.
A. still have a long way to go before reaching maturity
B. have been widely used in saving endangered species
C. provide insight into the question of nature vs. nurture
D. have proved quite adequate for the cloning of humans
Passage Three
Computers manipulate information, but information is invisible. There’s nothing to see or touch. The programmer decides what you see on the screen. Computers don’t have knobs like old radios. They don’t have buttons, not real buttons. Instead, more and more programs display pictures of buttons, moving even further into abstraction and arbitrariness (抽象和任意). I like computers, but I hope they will disappear, that they will seem as strange to our descendants as the technologies of our grandparents appear to us. Today’s computers are indeed getting easier to use, but look where they started: so difficult that almost any improvement was welcome.
Computers have the power to allow people within a company, across a nation or even around the world to work together. But this power will be wasted if tomorrow’s computers aren’t designed around the needs and capabilities of the human beings who must use them -– a people-centered philosophy, in other words. That means retooling computers to mesh with human strengths –- observing, communicating and innovating -– instead of asking people to conform to the unnatural behavior computers demand. That just leads to error.
Many of today’s machines try to do too much. When a complicated word processor attempts to double as a desktop publishing program or a kitchen appliance comes with half a dozen attachments, the product is bound to be burdensome. My favorite example of a technological product on just the right scale is an electronic dictionary. It can be made smaller, lighter and far easier to use than a print version, not only giving meanings but even pronouncing the words. Today’s electronic dictionaries, with their tiny keys and barely legible displays, are primitive but they’re on the right track.
Now imagine a host of specialized devices replacing a single powerful computer that tries to do a little of everything. Imagine a pocket checkbook, a drawing pod, a file-folder-size spreadsheet (报表). Each would be self-contained but would communicate with the others through infra-red light beams or radio links. The word I just looked up in the dictionary would be inserted into the letter I am writing; the right picture or spreadsheet calculation would become part of a report I’m doing for work.
We would no longer have to learn the arbitrary ways of the computer. We could simply learn the tools of our trade –- sketch pads, spreadsheets, schedules. How wonderful it would be to ignore the capricious (反复无常的) nature of technology–-and get on with our work.
(420 words )
51. The passage talks about ______.
A. changes computers should be made to conform to people
B. shortcomings of computers
C. demonstration of future computers
D. development of computers
52. The sentence “I hope they will disappear, that they will seem as strange to our descendants as the technologies of our grandparents appear to us.” in Paragraph 1 means ______.
A. our descendants may not use computers any more
B. the use of computers should be simplified and our descendants will not use the present computers any more
C. some technologies our grandparents used will not exist in the future
D. computers appear out of date to our generation
53. The word “machines” in Paragraph 3 means ______.
A. word processors B. electronic dictionaries
C. computers D. kitchen appliances
54. From the passage, those about computers are true EXCEPT ______.
A. people have to do what computers requested to get information
B. pictures of buttons in computer programs are not easy to use as knobs on radios
C. today’s computers try to do a little of everything, which makes them not easy to use
D. programmers manipulate and show you information in computers
55. According to the author, the future computer should be ______.
A. not too big and not too heavy
B. one device, one chore
C. A and B
D. multi-purpose
Passage Four
It is obvious that the old get sick more frequently and more severely than the young, and 86 percent have chronic (慢性的) health problems of varying degree. These health problems, while significant, are largely treatable and for the most part do not impair the capacity to work. Medicare (医疗保险制度) pays for only 45 percent of older people's health expenses; the balance must come from their own incomes and savings, or from Medicaid, which requires a humiliating means test. A serious illness can mean instant poverty. Drugs prescribed outside of hospitals, hearing aids, glasses, dental care and podiatry (脚病学) are not covered at all under Medicare. There is prejudice against the old by doctors and other medical personnel who don't like to bother with them. Psychiatrists (精神病医师) and mental-health personnel typically assume that the mental problems of the old are untreatable. Psychoanalysts, the elite (精英分子) of the psychiatric profession, rarely accept them as patients. Medical schools and other teaching institutions find them uninteresting. Voluntary hospitals are well known for dumping (倾销，倾倒) the “Medicare patient” into municipal hospitals; municipal hospital in turn funnel (使集中) them into nursing homes, mental hospitals and chronic disease institutions without the adequate diagnostic (诊断) and treatment effort which might enable them to return home. Persons who do remain at home while in ill health have serious difficulties in getting social, medical and psychiatric services brought directly to them.
Problems large and small confront the elderly. They are easy targets for crime in the streets and in their homes. Because of loneliness, confusion, hearing and visual difficulties they are prime victims of dishonest door-to-door salesmen and fraudulent advertising, and buy defective hearing aids, dance lessons, useless “Medicare insurance supplements,” and quack (骗人的) health remedies. Persons crippled by arthritis (关节炎) or strokes are yelled at by impatient bus drivers for their slowness in climbing on and off buses. Traffic lights turn red before they can get across the street. Revolving doors move too quickly. Subways usually have no elevators or escalators (电动扶梯).
Old women are worse than old men. Women have an average life expectancy of seven years longer than men and tend to marry men older than themselves; so two thirds (six million) of all older women are widows. When widowed they do not have the same social prerogatives (特权) as older men to date and marry those who are younger. As a result, they are likely to end up alone --- an ironic turn of events when one remembers that most of them were raised from childhood to consider marriage the only acceptable state. The income levels of older working women are generally lower than those of men; many never worked outside the home until their children were grown and then only at unskilled, low-paying jobs. Others who worked all their lives typically received low wages, with lower Social Security and private retirement benefits as a result. Until 1973, housewives who were widowed received only 82.5 percent of their husbands’ Social Security benefits even though they were full-time home-makers. (514 words)
56. What's the main idea of this passage?
A. The old are much more vulnerable to serious diseases than the young.
B. Old people are more likely to become victims of crimes and commercial frauds.
C. Women have an average life expectancy of seven years longer than men.
D. The aged people are confronted with many problems and thus need more care.
57. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Medicare is far from enough for the aged to keep healthy.
B. Many old people can not receive proper treatment and care when ill.
C. Old people usually suffer loneliness, confusion, hearing and visual difficulties.
D. Old widowed women usually enjoy more social prerogatives than old men.
58. Psychoanalysts rarely accept old people as patients because _______.
A. they have too many patients and are often very busy
B. they don't know how to cure the old people's diseases
C. they believe that old people's mental diseases can not be cured
D. mental problems are not covered under Medicare
59. The word “fraudulent” (Line 3, Para.2) most probably means _______.
A. honest B. deceitful C. attractive D. pleasant
60. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Inequality between men and women is still a cause of women’s unhappiness.
B. Women's longer life expectancy is the source of their loneliness at the old age.
C. Old women have as many problems as old men do.
D. Before 1973, women received only 82.5 percent of men’s Social Security benefits.
Section IV Translation ( 20 points )
Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.
From my perspective as the U.S. ambassador to Japan, I would like to share a few thoughts about the direction in which I see U.S. science and technology (S&T) going and contrast it with what I see happening in Japan. 61. Japan is often portrayed as being proficient at commercializing technologies, whereas the United States is seen as leading in research and development (R&D).This statement may be historically accurate, but today's reality is different.
One clear indicator of the seriousness of Japan' s R&D efforts is the level of spending. For several years, Japan has invested a larger percentage of its gross domestic product in R&D than has the United States.
We should welcome Japan’s increased efforts. 64. The United States has long encouraged Japan to invest more in its indigenous (本地的) science capabilities, because Japan shares a responsibility to contribute to the world community's intellectual reserve, particularly in areas such as health, disaster prevention, the environment, and energy. As Japan's abilities increase, opportunities also increase for the United States to benefit from Japanese research in much the same way that Japan has gained from U.S. accomplishments.
65. At the same time, however, as Japan addresses its relative weakness in basic research, the United States is on a path that will diminish our lead in S&T and constrict economic growth.. Science in America today faces decreased federal support, the declining quality of our 12-year educational system, the inability of our budget process to deal with long-range international research projects, and declining interest on the part of our brightest young people in pursuing scientific careers. （355 words）
Section VI Writing ( 20 points )